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Models of addiction risk that have been proposed in psychology literature include an affect dysregulation model of positive and negative psychological affects, the reinforcement sensitivity theory model of impulsiveness and behavioral inhibition, and an impulsivity model of reward sensitization and impulsiveness. [1] [5] [6]
This model classifies addiction as a diagnosable disease just as cancer or diabetes. It attributes addiction to a chemical imbalance in an individual's brain associated with genetics or environmental factors. [3] The other model is the choice model of addiction, which contends that addiction is a result of voluntary actions rather than brain ...
These specifiers are determined by the number of diagnostic criteria present in a given case. In the DSM-5, the term drug addiction is synonymous with severe substance use disorder. [24] [30] The DSM-5 introduced a new diagnostic category for behavioral addictions. Problem gambling is the only condition included in this category in the fifth ...
An addictive personality refers to a hypothesized set of personality traits that make an individual predisposed to developing addictions.This hypothesis states that there may be common personality traits observable in people suffering from addiction; however, the lack of a universally agreed upon definition has marked the research surrounding addictive personality.
The hijack model of substance addiction suggests that Psychoactive drugs act on ancient and evolutionarily conserved neural mechanisms associated with positive emotions that evolved to mediate incentive behavior. [1] [2] They induce emotions that in human evolutionary history signaled a benefit for the group. Modern drugs tap into these ...
The book is critical of the standard model of treating addiction as a disease. Instead, Lewis encourages the control or elimination of substance use and binge-eating disorders through self-sustaining personal empowerment and an understanding of the psychology and neurobiology of addiction. [26] [27] [17] [28]
The Systematic Motivational Therapy (SMT) Model is used for treatment of substance use. The emphasis of this model is the focus on family relationships. This model does not only show the happiness and appreciation of the family in these relationships but also the complications and ambivalent relationships that comes with substance use.
It was originated and advocated by Stanton Peele in his book The Truth About Addiction and Recovery (with Archie Brodsky and Mary Arnold, 1991). Proponents of the life-process model argue that unitary biological mechanisms cannot account for addictive behavior and thus do not support using the term disease. They instead emphasize the individual ...