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As a per share value: The balance sheet equity value is divided by the number of shares outstanding at the date of the balance sheet (not the average o/s in the period). As a diluted per share value: The equity is bumped up by the exercise price of the options, warrants or preferred shares. Then it is divided by the number of shares that has ...
The second way, using per-share values, is to divide the company's current share price by the book value per share (i.e. its book value divided by the number of outstanding shares). It is also known as the market-to-book ratio and the price-to-equity ratio (which should not be confused with the price-to-earnings ratio ), and its inverse is ...
Earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by shares outstanding. Book value is another way of saying shareholders' equity. Therefore, book value per share is calculated by dividing equity by shares outstanding. Consequently, the formula for the Graham number can also be written as follows:
Share price / book value per share Can be useful where assets are a core driver of earnings such as capital-intensive industries Most widely used in valuing financial companies, such as banks, because banks have to report accurate book values of their loans and deposits, and liquidation value is equal to book value since deposits and loans are ...
How to calculate EPS and how it works. To find EPS, take the company’s net income (and deduct preferred dividends, if applicable) and divide that by the average number of shares of outstanding ...
It was proposed by investor and professor of Columbia University, Benjamin Graham - often referred to as the "father of value investing". [1] Published in his book, The Intelligent Investor, Graham devised the formula for lay investors to help them with valuing growth stocks, in vogue at the time of the formula's publication. [2]
The clean surplus accounting method provides elements of a forecasting model that yields price as a function of earnings, expected returns, and change in book value. [1] [2] [3] The theory's primary use is to estimate the value of a company's shares (instead of discounted dividend/cash flow approaches).
The equity ratio is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of equity used to finance a company's assets. The two components are often taken from the firm's balance sheet or statement of financial position (so-called book value), but the ratio may also be calculated using market values for both, if the company's equities are publicly traded.