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Matter organizes into various phases or states of matter depending on its constituents and external factors like pressure and temperature. Except at extreme temperatures and pressures, atoms form the three classical states of matter: solid , liquid and gas .
Various theories predict new states of matter at very high energies. An unknown state has created the baryon asymmetry in the universe, but little is known about it. In string theory , a Hagedorn temperature is predicted for superstrings at about 10 30 K, where superstrings are copiously produced.
2000 – CERN announced quark-gluon plasma, a new phase of matter. [28] 2023 – Physicists from US and China discovered a new state of matter called the chiral bose-liquid state [29] 2024 – Harvard researchers working with Quantinuum announced a new phase of matter non-Abelian topological order [30]
State of matter: Plasma (physics) * Gas; Liquid; Solid + List of states of matter; A. Antiferroelectricity; B. Biaxial nematic; Bilayer; List of boiling and freezing ...
In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. [1] [2] Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy.
As you dive into your New Year’s resolutions, taking precautions to protect yourself from a quartet of infectious diseases can lessen your odds of starting off 2025 sick. (gilaxia/Getty Images)
On 4 July 2012, the discovery of a new particle with a mass between 125 and 127 GeV/c 2 was announced; physicists suspected that it was the Higgs boson. Since then, the particle has been shown to behave, interact, and decay in many of the ways predicted for Higgs particles by the Standard Model, as well as having even parity and zero spin, two ...
Two Indian chemical companies have been indicted for allegedly importing ingredients for the highly addictive opioid fentanyl into the United States and Mexico, the U.S. Department of Justice said ...