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With regard to the fetal presentation during pregnancy, three periods have been distinguished. [5]During the first period, which lasts until the 24th gestational week, the incidence of a longitudinal lie increases, with equal proportions of breech or cephalic presentations from this lie.
Presentation of twins in Der Rosengarten ("The Rose Garden"), a German standard medical text for midwives published in 1513. In obstetrics, the presentation of a fetus about to be born specifies which anatomical part of the fetus is leading, that is, is closest to the pelvic inlet of the birth canal.
Breech presentation with longitudinal lie: [1] Left sacrum anterior (LSA)—the buttocks, as against the occiput of the vertex presentation, like close to the vagina (hence known as breech presentation), which lie anteriorly and towards the left. Right sacrum anterior (RSA)—the buttocks face anteriorly and towards the right.
It is a manual procedure that is recommended by national guidelines for breech presentation of a pregnancy with a single baby, in order to enable vaginal delivery. [2] [3] It is usually performed late in pregnancy, that is, after 36 gestational weeks, [4] preferably 37 weeks, [5] and can even be performed in the early stages of childbirth. [4]
The three types of breech positions are footling breech, frank breech, and complete breech. These births occur in 3% to 4% of all term pregnancies. [ 31 ] They usually result in Cesarean sections because it is more difficult to deliver the baby through the birth canal and there is a lack of expertise in vaginal breech delivery and therefore ...
In the brow presentation, the head is slightly extended, but less than in the face presentation. The chin presentation is a variant of the face presentation with maximum extension of the head. Non-cephalic presentations are the breech presentation (3.5%) and the shoulder presentation (0.5%). [1]
Leopold's maneuvers. In obstetrics, Leopold maneuvers are a common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman's uterus.They are named after the gynecologist Christian Gerhard Leopold.
Mauriceau–Smellie–Veit maneuver or Mauriceau maneuver (named after François Mauriceau, William Smellie and Gustav Veit) is an obstetric or emergent medical maneuver utilized in cases of breech delivery. This procedure entails suprapubic pressure by one obstetrician on the mother/uterus, while another obstetrician inserts left hand in ...