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Epinephrine is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone, but it acts mainly as a hormone. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, plays an important role in your body’s fight-or-flight response. It’s also used as a medication to treat many life-threatening conditions.
Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a hormone your adrenal glands send through your bloodstream. When you’re scared or stressed suddenly, adrenaline is quickly sent into your body. This is commonly known as an adrenaline rush because it happens so fast.
Adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine): These hormones are known as the “fight or flight” hormones and are called catecholamines. Adrenaline and noradrenaline are capable of increasing your heart rate and force of heart contractions, increasing blood flow to your muscles and brain and assisting in glucose metabolism.
The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines, hormones that help your body respond to stress. Catecholamines include adrenaline and noradrenaline, also known as epinephrine and norepinephrine . Within moments, your body releases adrenal medulla hormones to boost organ functioning.
Hormones are chemicals that coordinate different functions in your body by carrying messages through your blood to your organs, skin, muscles and other tissues. These signals tell your body what to do and when to do it.
The neurotransmitter noradrenaline also reaches your adrenal gland, which releases the hormones adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). These hormones travel through your blood to all parts of your body.
Dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine are the main catecholamines (a label based on having part of the same molecular structure). These hormones are made by your adrenal gland, a small hat-shaped gland located on top of each of your kidneys.
Cortisol is a steroid hormone that your adrenal glands release. It affects several bodily functions and mainly helps regulate your body's response to stress.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a hormone your pituitary gland releases that triggers your adrenal glands to release cortisol, the “stress hormone.” If you’re having symptoms related to abnormal cortisol levels, your healthcare provider may order tests to check your ACTH levels.
The adrenal cortex is the outer part of your adrenal gland. It produces hormones that support vital organ functions and bodily processes. Many conditions can affect the adrenal cortex. Some cause the overproduction of hormones, while others limit hormone production.