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  2. Byzantium (color) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantium_(color)

    Deep reddish purple. B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) The color Byzantium is a particular dark tone of purple. It originates in modern times, and, despite its name, it should not be confused with Tyrian purple ( hue rendering ), the color historically used by Roman and Byzantine emperors. The latter, often also referred to as "Tyrian red", is ...

  3. Tyrian purple - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrian_purple

    The dye is an organic compound of bromine (i.e., an organobromine compound), a class of compounds often found in algae and in some other sea life, but much more rarely found in the biology of land animals. This dye is in contrast to the imitation purple that was commonly produced using cheaper materials than the dyes from the sea snail.

  4. Shades of purple - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_purple

    Shades of purple. There are numerous variations of the color purple, a sampling of which is shown below. In common English usage, purple is a range of hues of color occurring between red and blue. [1] However, the meaning of the term purple is not well defined. There is confusion about the meaning of the terms purple and violet even among ...

  5. Biological pigment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pigment

    Pigment color differs from structural color in that it is the same for all viewing angles, whereas structural color is the result of selective reflection or iridescence, usually because of multilayer structures. For example, butterfly wings typically contain structural color, although many butterflies have cells that contain pigment as well.

  6. Byzantine flags and insignia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_flags_and_insignia

    Tetragrammatic cross Relief with the tetragrammatic cross as imperial arms, in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum. During the Palaiologan period, the insigne of the reigning dynasty, and the closest thing to a Byzantine "national flag", according to Soloviev, was the so-called "tetragrammatic cross", a gold or silver cross with four letters beta "Β" (often interpreted as firesteels) of the ...

  7. Byzantine coinage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_coinage

    Byzantine coinage. Byzantine currency, money used in the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the West, consisted of mainly two types of coins: gold solidi and hyperpyra and a variety of clearly valued bronze coins. By the 15th century, the currency was issued only in debased silver stavrata and minor copper coins with no gold issue.

  8. Byzantine science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_science

    Byzantine science was essentially classical science. [2] Therefore, Byzantine science was in every period closely connected with ancient-pagan philosophy and metaphysics. Despite some opposition to pagan learning, many of the most distinguished classical scholars held high office in the Church. [3] The writings of antiquity never ceased to be ...

  9. Karyotype - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype

    Karyotype. A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. [1] [2] Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is discerned by determining the chromosome complement of an individual, including the number of ...