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Main feed into a sinter plant is base mix, which consists of iron ore fines, coke fines and flux (limestone) fines. In addition to base mix, coke fines, flux fines, sinter fines, iron dust (collected from plant de-dusting system and electrostatic precipitator) and plant waste are mixed in proportion (by weight) in a rotary drum, often called mixing and nodulizing drum.
In steelmaking, pellets are often mixed with sinter in varying proportions to optimize the process. [7] [14] Similar to sinter, the high-temperature roasting and sintering of pellets effectively eliminate undesirable elements such as sulfur. It is also an efficient method for removing zinc, which can otherwise hinder the operation of blast ...
In the energy sector, wood pellets are often used to replace coal with power plants such as Drax, in England, replacing most of their coal use with woody pellet. As sustainably harvested wood does not lead to a long-term increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, wood fuels are considered to be a low-carbon form of energy. [ 10 ]
Direct reduction processes can be divided roughly into two categories: gas-based and coal-based. In both cases, the objective of the process is to remove the oxygen contained in various forms of iron ore (sized ore, concentrates, pellets, mill scale, furnace dust, etc.) in order to convert the ore to metallic iron, without melting it (below 1,200 °C (2,190 °F)).
Agglomerate is a material composed of iron oxides and gangue, roasted and sintered [notes 1] [1] in an agglomeration plant. This product is obtained by burning coal previously mixed with iron ore and oxides. This conditioning of iron ore optimizes its use in the blast furnace.
The Corex Process is a smelting reduction process created by Primetals Technologies as a more environmentally friendly alternative to the blast furnace. [1] Presently, the majority of steel production is through the blast furnace which has to rely on coking coal [2] and requires a sinter plant in order to prepare the iron ore for reduction. [3]
Sinter plant, in which iron-ore dust gets mixed with other fine materials at high temperature, to create a product – sinter – for use in a blast furnace; Sintering, a high temperature process for fusing powder together; Calcareous sinter, calcium carbonate deposited by springs; Siliceous sinter, silica deposited by hot springs and geysers
Wood can be used as a fuel directly or processed into pellet fuel or other forms of fuels. Other plants can also be used as fuel, for instance maize , switchgrass , miscanthus and bamboo . [ 11 ] The main waste feedstocks are wood waste, agricultural waste , municipal solid waste , and manufacturing waste .