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Stress and strain control analyzers give about the same results as long as characterization is within the linear region of the polymer in question. However, stress control lends a more realistic response because polymers have a tendency to resist a load. [8] Stress and strain can be applied via torsional or axial analyzers.
Sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA) is a method to evaluate the mechanical integrity of core, windings and clamping structures within power transformers by measuring their electrical transfer functions over a wide frequency range.
The stress and strain can be normal, shear, or a mixture, and can also be uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial, and can even change with time. The form of deformation can be compression, stretching, torsion, rotation, and so on. If not mentioned otherwise, stress–strain curve typically refers to the relationship between axial normal stress and ...
Distortion seismometer. A strainmeter is an instrument used by geophysicists to measure the deformation of the Earth. Linear strainmeters measure the changes in the distance between two points, using either a solid piece of material (over a short distance) or a laser interferometer (over a long distance, up to several hundred meters).
Probability density of stress S (red, top) and resistance R (blue, top), and of equality (m = R - S = 0, black, bottom). Distribution of stress S and strength R: all the (R, S) situations have a probability density (grey level surface). The area where the margin m = R - S is positive is the set of situation where the system is reliable (R > S).
The stress relaxation modulus () is the ratio of the stress remaining at time after a step strain was applied at time =: = (), which is the time-dependent generalization of Hooke's law . For visco-elastic solids, G ( t ) {\displaystyle G\left(t\right)} converges to the equilibrium shear modulus [ 4 ] G {\displaystyle G} :
A dynamic shear rheometer, commonly known as DSR, is used for research and development as well as for quality control in the manufacture of a wide range of materials.. Dynamic shear rheometers have been used since 1993 when Superpave was used for characterising and understanding high temperature rheological properties of asphalt binders in both the molten and solid state and is fundamental in ...
A spectrum analyzer is a standard instrument used for RF sweep. It includes an electronically tunable receiver and a display. The display presents measured power (y axis) vs frequency (x axis). The power spectrum display is a two-dimensional display of measured power vs. frequency. The power may be either in linear units, or logarithmic units ...