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Jean Bernard Léon Foucault (UK: / ʒ ɒ̃ ˈ b ɛər n ɑːr ˌ l eɪ ɒ̃ ˈ f uː k oʊ /, US: / ˌ ʒ ɒ̃ b ɛər ˈ n ɑːr l eɪ ˌ ɒ̃ f uː ˈ k oʊ /; French: [ʒɑ̃ bɛʁnaʁ leɔ̃ fuko]; 18 September 1819 – 11 February 1868) was a French physicist best known for his demonstration of the Foucault pendulum, a device demonstrating the effect of Earth's rotation.
In Foucault's 1862 experiment, he desired to obtain an accurate absolute value for the speed of light, since his concern was to deduce an improved value for the astronomical unit. [2] [Note 4] At the time, Foucault was working at the Paris Observatory under Urbain le Verrier. It was le Verrier's belief, based on extensive celestial mechanics ...
Foucault published two papers in 1852, one focused on astronomy with the weight free to move on all three axes (On a new experimental demonstration of the motion of the Earth, based on the fixity of the plane of rotation) [8] and the other on mechanics with the weight free to move on only two axes (On the orientation phenomena of rotating bodies driven by a fixed axis on the Earth's surface.
1851 - Léon Foucault shows the Earth's rotation with a huge pendulum (Foucault pendulum) 1870 - Rudolf Clausius deduces virial theorem; 1890 - Henri Poincaré discovers the sensibility of initial conditions in the three-body problem. [17] 1898 - Jacques Hadamard discusses the Hadamard billiards. [18]
Fizeau–Foucault apparatus may refer to either of two nineteenth-century experiments to measure the speed of light: Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in air , using a toothed wheel Foucault's measurements of the speed of light , using a rotating mirror
Foucault's introduction to the epistemic origins of the human sciences is a forensic analysis of the painting Las Meninas (The Ladies-in-waiting, 1656), by Diego Velázquez, as an objet d'art. [6] For the detailed descriptions, Foucault uses language that is "neither prescribed by, nor filtered through the various texts of art-historical ...
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Figure 2: Chronograph record from Cornu's speed of light determination shows wheel rotations, timing signals based on the observatory clock, and observer markings.