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A Health Reimbursement Arrangement, also known as a Health Reimbursement Account (HRA), [1] is a type of US employer-funded health benefit plan that reimburses employees for out-of-pocket medical expenses and, in limited cases, to pay for health insurance plan premiums.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996) Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (2003) Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (2005) Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (2009) Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)
The health plan has its own assets, which, under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), must be segregated from the employer's general assets. The health plan's assets are derived from pre-tax (in most cases) contributions made by employees, and sometimes additional contributions made by the employer.
An employee employed by multiple unrelated employers may elect an amount up to the limit under each employer's plan. [9] The limit does not apply to health savings accounts, health reimbursement arrangements, or the employee's share of the cost of employer-sponsored health insurance coverage. [9]
Some fringe benefits (for example, accident and health plans, and group-term life insurance coverage (up to US$50,000) (and employer-provided meals and lodging in-kind, [22]) may be excluded from the employee's gross income and, therefore, are not subject to federal income tax in the United States. Some function as tax shelters (for example ...
If the service was covered by the policy, the insurance company was responsible for reimbursing or indemnifying the patient based on the provisions of the insurance contract ("reimbursement benefits"). Health insurance plans that are not based on a network of contracted providers, or that base payments on a percentage of provider charges, are ...
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A survey issued in 2009 by America's Health Insurance Plans found that patients going to out-of-network providers are sometimes charged extremely high fees. [74] [75] Defying many analysts' expectations, PPOs have gained market share at the expense of HMOs over the past decade. [76]