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  2. Thin film - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film

    Advances in thin film deposition techniques during the 20th century have enabled a wide range of technological breakthroughs in areas such as magnetic recording media, electronic semiconductor devices, integrated passive devices, light-emitting diodes, optical coatings (such as antireflective coatings), hard coatings on cutting tools, and for ...

  3. Physical vapor deposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_vapor_deposition

    Various thin film characterization techniques can be used to measure the physical properties of PVD coatings, such as: Calo tester: coating thickness test; Nanoindentation: hardness test for thin-film coatings; Pin-on-disc tester: wear and friction coefficient test; Scratch tester: coating adhesion test

  4. Slot-die coating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slot-die_coating

    Slot-die coating produces thin films via solution processing. [8] The desired coating material is typically dissolved or suspended into a precursor solution or slurry (sometimes referred to as "ink") and delivered onto the surface of the substrate through a precise coating head known as a slot-die. The slot-die has a high aspect ratio outlet ...

  5. Polymer solution casting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_solution_casting

    The most notable attribute of this thin-film process technology is the ability to alternate the material properties (i.e. strength, durometer, color, lubricity) amongst the individual layers or even down the length of the part, resulting in a feature-rich single-piece construction.

  6. Layer by layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layer_by_layer

    Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition is a thin film fabrication technique. The films are formed by depositing alternating layers of complementary materials with wash steps in between. This can be accomplished by using various techniques such as immersion, spin, spray, electromagnetism, or fluidics. [1]

  7. Coating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coating

    Limiting coating area is crucial in some applications, such as printing. "Roll-to-roll" or "web-based" coating is the process of applying a thin film of functional material to a substrate on a roll, such as paper, fabric, film, foil, or sheet stock. This continuous process is highly efficient for producing large volumes of coated materials ...

  8. Atomic layer deposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_layer_deposition

    X-ray reflectivity (XRR) is a technique that measures thin-film properties including thickness, density, and surface roughness. [68] Another optical quality evaluation tool is spectroscopic ellipsometry. Its application between the depositions of each layer by ALD provides information on the growth rate and material characteristics of the film ...

  9. Evaporation (deposition) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation_(deposition)

    Evaporation is a common method of thin-film deposition. The source material is evaporated in a vacuum. The vacuum allows vapor particles to travel directly to the target object (substrate), where they condense back to a solid state. Evaporation is used in microfabrication, and to make macro-scale products such as metallized plastic film.

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