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Physical geodesy is the study of the physical properties of Earth's gravity ... Levelling instruments again are used to obtain geopotential differences between points ...
Geodesy or geodetics [1] is the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D.It is called planetary geodesy when studying other astronomical bodies, such as planets or circumplanetary systems. [2]
The surveyor adjusts the instrument's level by coarse adjustment of the tripod legs and fine adjustment using three precision levelling screws on the instrument to make the rotational plane horizontal. The surveyor does this with the use of a bull's eye level built into the instrument mount.
Geodesy - the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D. List of geodesists; History of geodesy; Physical geodesy; International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics; International Association of Geodesy
Techniques of satellite geodesy may be classified by instrument platform: A satellite may be observed with ground-based instruments (Earth-to-space-methods), carry an instrument or sensor as part of its payload to observe the Earth (space-to-Earth methods), or use its instruments to track or be tracked by another satellite (space-to-space methods).
Such instruments are capable of an accuracy of about 2 ppb or 0.002 mGal [1] ... Physical geodesy – Study of the physical properties of the Earth's gravity field;
Geophysical surveys may use a great variety of sensing instruments, and data may be collected from above or below the Earth's surface or from aerial, orbital, or marine platforms. Geophysical surveys have many applications in geology, archaeology, mineral and energy exploration, oceanography, and engineering. Geophysical surveys are used in ...
Modern geodesy tends to retain the ellipsoid of revolution as a reference ellipsoid and treat triaxiality and pear shape as a part of the geoid figure: they are represented by the spherical harmonic coefficients , and , respectively, corresponding to degree and order numbers 2.2 for the triaxiality and 3.0 for the pear shape.