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During the Mughal Empire, as well as the British rule, zamindars were the land-owning nobility of the Indian subcontinent [1] and formed the ruling class. Emperor Akbar granted them mansabs and their ancestral domains were treated as jagirs. [2] Most of the big zamindars belonged to the Hindu high-caste, usually Brahmin, Bhumihar, Kayastha and ...
The zamindars also had policing, judicial and administrative functions. The zamindars were integral to Mughal government in Bengal. They were also known as jagirdars. Under Company rule in India, the Cornwallis Code introduced the Permanent Settlement. Zamindars were made responsible for collecting taxes on behalf of the colonial government.
The zamindars of Bihar seem to have suffered far less than the old zamindars of Bengal and Orissa, who suffered considerably. The Darbhanga Raj, the Hathwa Raj, the Tekari Raj, the Deo families in Gaya, and the Dumraon families in Shahabad were among the prominent zamindars of Bihar who enjoyed prosperity. [12]
One of the few Muslim zamindars in the region, at a time when the territories were mainly ruled by the Hindu raj families (Royal families), the Singra Zamindari family or Singranatore Zamindars were descended from former mansabdars as hereditary Mirzas; a cadet branch of the Imperial family of India, they descended from a perso-Turkic dynasty.
Mymensingh has a long tradition of muktagacha plays. The cultural scene here was once very diverse. There was spontaneous participation of Muktagacha zamindars in drama, literature, culture etc. [15] And this revolving stage made the drama more popular. Kumar Bhupendra Kishore, son of Zamindar Jagatkishore Acharya Chowdhury, was fond of drama.
Zamindars of Krishna district hold an important place in the history of Madras Presidency. Krishna district holds some huge Zamindari estates like Nuzvid Estate , Chintalapati Vantu, Devarakota, Repalle, Vallur etc. which are both extensive and wealthy estates.
The Tekari Raj family made large contributions in the social and cultural spheres of the area. The present day Tekari Raj High School and Tekari College owe their existence to their benevolence, while the Gaya Public Library (the oldest District Library in Bihar) and the Gaya Club, which is the hub of social activity in Gaya town, stand on land donated by them.
These settlements were established in order to delineate authority to landlords and thereby relieve the ryot from the control of middlemen who often exploited them. Often, these zamindars were Indian Native princes who lost their sovereignty due to British expansion. The zamindari settlement was based on a similar settlement established in Bengal.