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Swarm is an open-source agent-based modeling simulation package, useful for simulating the interaction of agents (social or biological) and their emergent collective behavior. Swarm was initially developed at the Santa Fe Institute in the mid-1990s, and since 1999 has been maintained by the non-profit Swarm Development Group .
Each time an artificial bee visits a flower (lands on a solution), it evaluates its profitability (fitness). The bees algorithm consists of an initialisation procedure and a main search cycle which is iterated for a given number T of times, or until a solution of acceptable fitness is found. Each search cycle is composed of five procedures ...
Pheromone-based communication is one of the most effective ways of communication which is widely observed in nature. Pheromone is used by social insects such as bees, ants and termites; both for inter-agent and agent-swarm communications. Due to its feasibility, artificial pheromones have been adopted in multi-robot and swarm robotic systems.
Examples of swarm intelligence in natural systems include ant colonies, bee colonies, bird flocking, hawks hunting, animal herding, bacterial growth, fish schooling and microbial intelligence. The application of swarm principles to robots is called swarm robotics while swarm intelligence refers to the more general set of algorithms.
One of the earliest agent-based models in concept was Thomas Schelling's segregation model, [6] which was discussed in his paper "Dynamic Models of Segregation" in 1971. . Though Schelling originally used coins and graph paper rather than computers, his models embodied the basic concept of agent-based models as autonomous agents interacting in a shared environment with an observed aggregate ...
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Demaree also described a swarm prevention method in 1884, but that was a two-hive system that is unrelated to modern "demareeing". [2] As with many swarm prevention methods, demareeing involves separating of the queen and forager bees from the nurse bees. The theory is that forager bees will think that the hive has swarmed if there is a drastic ...
First created in 2001 by Mathias Roth, [8] [9] iMacros was the first macro recorder tool specifically designed and optimized for web browsers [10] and form filling. [11] In April 2012 iMacros was acquired [12] by Ipswitch. In 2019 Ipswitch itself (and thus iMacros along with it) was acquired by Progress. [13] In November 2022 Progress ...