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To confirm the identity of the phrenic nerve, a doctor may gently manipulate it to elicit a dartle (diaphragmatic startle) response. [7] The right phrenic nerve may be crushed by the vena cava clamp during liver transplantation. [8] Severing the phrenic nerve, or a phrenectomy, [9] will paralyse that half of the diaphragm. Bilateral ...
In the cervical region, the spinal nerve roots come out above the corresponding vertebrae (i.e., nerve root between the skull and 1st cervical vertebrae is called spinal nerve C1). From the thoracic region to the coccygeal region, the spinal nerve roots come out below the corresponding vertebrae. This method creates a problem when naming the ...
Pericardiacophrenic vessels accompany the phrenic nerve in the middle mediastinum of the thorax. The vein drains into the internal thoracic vein , or brachiocephalic vein . [ 1 ]
This is a list of human anatomy mnemonics, categorized and alphabetized.For mnemonics in other medical specialties, see this list of medical mnemonics.Mnemonics serve as a systematic method for remembrance of functionally or systemically related items within regions of larger fields of study, such as those found in the study of specific areas of human anatomy, such as the bones in the hand ...
They course through the fibrous pericardium. [2] The pericardiacophrenic artery accompanies the phrenic nerve between the pleura and pericardium , to the diaphragm . [ 3 ] This is where both the artery and the phrenic nerve are distributed.
The phrenic nerve is then isolated under the scalenus anticus muscle. For the thoracic surgical technique, a small (~5 cm) incisions over the 2nd or 3rd intercostal space. The electrodes are placed around the phrenic nerves alongside the pericardium. The use of a thorascope allows for this technique to be performed in a minimally-invasive ...
In anatomy, the costophrenic angles are the places where the diaphragm (-phrenic) meets the ribs (costo-). Each costophrenic angle can normally be seen as on chest x-ray as a sharply-pointed, downward indentation (dark) between each hemi-diaphragm (white) and the adjacent chest wall (white). A small portion of each lung normally reaches into ...
Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve XI) Branches of cervical plexus; Roots and trunks of brachial plexus; Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5) B) Vessels: Subclavian artery (Third part) Transverse cervical artery; Suprascapular artery; Terminal part of external jugular vein; C) Lymph nodes: Occipital; Supraclavicular; D) Muscles: Inferior belly of omohyoid ...