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The ancient period introduced some of the ideas that led to integral calculus, but does not seem to have developed these ideas in a rigorous and systematic way. . Calculations of volumes and areas, one goal of integral calculus, can be found in the Egyptian Moscow papyrus (c. 1820 BC), but the formulas are only given for concrete numbers, some are only approximately true, and they are not ...
[citation needed] Aristotle's writings cover physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology. He wrote the first work which refers to that line of study as "Physics" – in the 4th century BCE, Aristotle founded the system known as Aristotelian physics.
1673 - Gottfried Leibniz also develops his version of infinitesimal calculus, 1675 - Isaac Newton invents a Newton's method for the computation of roots of a function, 1675 - Leibniz uses the modern notation for an integral for the first time, 1677 - Leibniz discovers the rules for differentiating products, quotients, and the function of a ...
[146] [147] It has been argued that certain ideas of calculus like infinite series and taylor series of some trigonometry functions, were transmitted to Europe in the 16th century [6] via Jesuit missionaries and traders who were active around the ancient port of Muziris at the time and, as a result, directly influenced later European ...
However, Aristotle refused to attribute anything specifically to Pythagoras and only discussed the work of the Pythagoreans as a group. [18] [19] Almost half of the material in Euclid's Elements is customarily attributed to the Pythagoreans, including the discovery of irrationals, attributed to Hippasus (c. 530–450 BC) and Theodorus (fl. 450 ...
Aristotle [A] (Attic Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης, romanized: Aristotélēs; [B] 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts.
In the Posterior Analytics, Aristotle (384–322 BC) laid down the logic for organizing a field of knowledge by means of primitive concepts, axioms, postulates, definitions, and theorems. Aristotle took a majority of his examples for this from arithmetic and from geometry, and his logic served as the foundation of mathematics for centuries.
Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change, ... Henri Lebesgue invented measure theory, based on earlier developments by Émile Borel, ...