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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) or extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) is a syndrome caused by the repetitive inhalation of antigens from the environment in susceptible or sensitized people. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Common antigens include molds, bacteria, bird droppings, bird feathers, agricultural dusts, bioaerosols and chemicals from paints or plastics ...
Pneumonitis can be separated into several distinct categories based upon causative agent. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Extrinsic Allergenic Alveolitis) describes the inflammation of alveoli which occurs after inhalation of organic dusts (oxford). These particles can be proteins, bacteria, or mold spores and are usually specific to an occupation.
It is classified as a hypersensitivity pneumonitis (also called extrinsic allergic alveolitis)—an inflammation of the alveoli within the lung caused by hypersensitivity to inhaled natural dusts. [1] It is one of several types of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by different agents that have similar clinical features. [2]
Suberosis is a type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis usually caused by the fungus Penicillium glabrum (formerly called Penicillium frequentans) from exposure to moldy cork dust. [1] [2] Chrysonilia sitophilia, Aspergillus fumigatus, uncontaminated cork dust, and Mucor macedo may also have significant roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. [1]
Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction, caused by immune complexes. [2] When an antiserum is given, the human immune system can mistake the proteins present for harmful antigens . The body produces antibodies, which combine with these proteins to form immune complexes. [ 2 ]
Farmer's lung (not to be confused with silo-filler's disease) is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by the inhalation of biologic dusts coming from hay dust or mold spores or any other agricultural products. [1]
Potential causes of centrilobular GGOs include pulmonary calcifications from metastatic disease, some types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, aspiration pneumonitis, cholesterol granulomas, and pulmonary capillary hemangiomastosis.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, most often resulting from inhaling dust contaminated with bacterial, fungal, or animal products; Cigarette smoking can increase the risk or make the illness worse. [7] Smoking is a known cause of some types of lung fibrosis, such as smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF). [11]
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