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This concept is exemplified by the famous aphorism, "the end justifies the means," variously attributed to Machiavelli or Ovid [8] i.e. if a goal is morally important enough, any method of achieving it is acceptable. [9] [10]
Situational ethics is thus a teleological or consequential theory, in that it is primarily concerned with the outcome or consequences of an action; the end. Fletcher proposed that loving ends justify any means. [4] Joseph Fletcher abandoned his theistic belief in his later life but never strayed away from his belief in situation ethics.
A means can be justified only by its end.But the end in its turn needs to be justified. From the Marxist point of view, which expresses the historical interests of the proletariat, the end is justified if it leads to increasing the power of man over nature and to the abolition of the power of man over man.
Thus, a morally right act (or omission) is one that will produce a good outcome (the end justifies the means). Utilitarianism; Negative utilitarianism; Ethical hedonism; Ethical altruism – an ethical doctrine that holds that individuals have a moral obligation to help, serve, or benefit others, if necessary at the sacrifice of self-interest
Plato (left) and Aristotle, depicted here in The School of Athens, both developed philosophical arguments addressing the universe's apparent order (). Teleology (from τέλος, telos, 'end', 'aim', or 'goal', and λόγος, logos, 'explanation' or 'reason') [1] or finality [2] [3] is a branch of causality giving the reason or an explanation for something as a function of its end, its ...
The end justifies the means; The enemy of my enemy is my friend; The exception which proves the rule; The female of the species is more deadly than the male; The good die young; The grass is always greener (on the other side) (of the fence) The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world; The husband is always the last to know
the agent intends the good effect and does not intend the bad effect, either as a means to the good or as an end in itself; the good effect outweighs the bad effect in circumstances sufficiently grave to justify causing the bad effect and the agent exercises due diligence to minimize the harm. [2]
The Kingdom of Ends is a hypothetical state of existence that is derived from Kant's categorical imperative.A Kingdom of Ends is composed entirely of rational beings, whom Kant defines as those capable of moral deliberation (though his definition expands in other areas) who must choose to act by laws that imply an absolute necessity.