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A History of Historical Writing: Volume I: From the Earliest Times to the End of the Seventeenth Century (2nd ed. 1967), 678 pp.; A History of Historical Writing: Volume II: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (2nd ed. 1967), 676 pp.; highly detailed coverage of European writers to 1900; Woolf, D. R.
Ancient Roman farmer plowing their field. Defining poverty in ancient Rome can be difficult. The conditions of most people in the Roman world resembled modern ideas of poverty; ancient Rome was a largely agrarian, rural society afflicted with high rates of infant mortality, poor diets, and low literacy. [6]
The impotent poor (people who could not work) were to be cared for in an almshouse or a poorhouse. In this way, the law offered relief to people who were unable to work, mainly those who were elderly, blind, or crippled or otherwise physically infirm. [citation needed] The able-bodied poor were to be set to work in a House of Industry.
Ancient historians were very different from modern historians in terms of goals, documentation, sources, and methods. [5] For instance, chronological systems were not widely used, their sources were often absorbed (traceability of such sources usually disappeared), and the goal of an ancient work was often to create political or military paradigms.
Many people died in the ensuing famine, and the peasantry were said to have been forced to eat horses, dogs and cats as well as conducted cannibalism against children, although these last reports are usually considered to be exaggerations. [152] Poaching and encroachment on the royal forests surged, sometimes on a mass scale. [153]
[citation needed] The Germanic peoples knew little of cities, money, or writing, and were mostly pagan, though they were increasingly converting to Arianism, a non-trinitarian form of Christianity that considers God the Son to have been created by, and thus inferior to, God the Father, rather than the two being co-eternal, which is the position ...
c. 45) were able to exploit the working classes by legislation which lowered workhouse conditions and made it more difficult to claim poor relief. The New Poor Law would also decrease the amount of tax being paid by the bourgeoisie. The working and pauper classes were still without the vote at this time and left powerless to oppose it.
In the history of England, the High Middle Ages spanned the period from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the death of King John, considered by some historians to be the last Angevin king of England, in 1216. A disputed succession and victory at the Battle of Hastings led to the conquest of England by William of Normandy in 1066.