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Onset of Bipolar Disorder. Signs of bipolar disorder generally emerge in young adulthood. Research suggests that 70 percent of people with bipolar disorder experience their first manic episode ...
For most people with bipolar types 1 and 2, the depressive episodes are much longer than the manic or hypomanic episodes. [24] Since a diagnosis of bipolar disorder requires a manic or hypomanic episode, many affected individuals are initially misdiagnosed as having major depression and treated with prescribed antidepressants. [48]
Otherwise, one manic episode meets the criteria for bipolar I disorder (BP-I). [2] Hypomania is a sustained state of elevated or irritable mood that is less severe than mania yet may still significantly affect the quality of life and result in permanent consequences including reckless spending, damaged relationships and poor judgment.
Cyclothymia (/ ˌ s aɪ k l ə ˈ θ aɪ m i ə /, siy-kluh-THIY-mee-uh), also known as cyclothymic disorder, psychothemia / psychothymia, [5] bipolar III, [6] affective personality disorder [7] and cyclothymic personality disorder, [8] is a mental and behavioural disorder [9] that involves numerous periods of symptoms of depression and periods of symptoms of elevated mood. [3]
Bipolar disorder patients may be delighted during a manic episode and extremely sad during a depressive episode. They may also experience changes in their level of activity. [5] They may be highly active during a manic episode and then extremely inactive during a depressive episode and exhibit behavioral changes.
Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926). The Kraepelinian dichotomy is the division of the major endogenous psychoses into the disease concepts of dementia praecox, which was reformulated as schizophrenia by Eugen Bleuler by 1908, [1] [2] and manic-depressive psychosis, which has now been reconceived as bipolar disorder. [3]
Typically, these manic episodes can last at least 7 days for most of each day to the extent that the individual may need medical attention, while the depressive episodes last at least 2 weeks. [3] It is a type of bipolar disorder and conforms to the classic concept of manic-depressive illness, which can include psychosis during mood episodes. [4]
A recent large-scale study found that severe depression in patients with bipolar disorder responds no better to a combination of antidepressant medications and mood stabilizers than it does to mood stabilizers alone and that antidepressant use does not hasten the emergence of manic symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder.