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Furthermore, the Blalock-Thomas-Taussig procedure, initially the only surgical treatment available for tetralogy of Fallot, was palliative but not curative. The first total repair of tetralogy of Fallot was done by a team led by C. Walton Lillehei at the University of Minnesota in 1954 on an 11-year-old boy. [85]
The Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt (BTT shunt), [1] previously known as the Blalock–Taussig Shunt (BT shunt), [2] is a surgical procedure used to increase blood flow to the lungs in some forms of congenital heart disease [3] such as pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot, which are common causes of blue baby syndrome. [3]
Without treatment, it is a highly life-threatening condition, so prognosis is poor. [35] [34] If surgery isn't performed in severe cases, the child can (and will) die, since the phenotype of pulmonary atresia is not compatible with life due to the pulmonary valve atresia resulting in reduced blood oxygenation. [9] [62] [63]
Trilogy of Fallot is a combination of three congenital heart defects: pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an atrial septal defect. [ 1 ] The first two of these are also found in the more common tetralogy of Fallot .
A diagnosis of TOF is usually made with echocardiography, which can even be done prenatally. Most patients with tetralogy of Fallot will have cardiac repair surgery in the first year of life, where the ventricular septal defect is closed with a patch, and the right ventricular outflow tract is enlarged.
Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger's syndrome is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension [1] [2] and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.
Cardiac valve repair and/or replacement (aortic valve, mitral valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonic valve) Repair of large septal defects (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect) Repair and/or palliation of congenital heart defects (Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels)
Tetralogy of Fallot: 1 in 2,518: 1657: 3.97 Atrioventricular septal defect: 1 in 2,122: 1966: 4.71 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: 1 in 4,344: 960: 2.30 Orofacial defects: Cleft palate without cleft lip: 1 in 1,574: 2651: 6.35 Cleft lip with and without cleft palate: 1 in 940: 4437: 10.63 Gastrointestinal defects: Esophageal atresia ...