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Below is the full 8086/8088 instruction set of Intel (81 instructions total). [2] These instructions are also available in 32-bit mode, in which they operate on 32-bit registers (eax, ebx, etc.) and values instead of their 16-bit (ax, bx, etc.) counterparts.
CX (Count register): Serves as a counter in loop, string, and shift/rotate instructions. Iterative operations often use CX to determine the number of times a loop or operation should execute. DX (Data register): Used in conjuction with AX for multiplication and division operations that produce results larger than 16 bits.
Version 4.0 of OMF for the 8086 family was released in 1981 under the name Relocatable Object Module Format, [6] [3] [4] and is perhaps best known to DOS users as an .OBJ file. Versions for the 80286 ( OMF-286 ) [ 7 ] [ 8 ] and the 32-bit 80386 processors ( OMF-386 ) [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 3 ] were introduced in 1981 and 1985, respectively.
Packed shift, with signed shift-amounts. Shift-amount is provided on a per-vector-lane basis, and is taken from the bottom 8 bits of each lane of the last source argument. The shift-amount is considered signed − a positive value will cause left-shift, while a negative value causes right-shift. 8-bit, signed VPSHAB xmm1,xmm2/m128,xmm3: XOP.9 ...
The very fastest shifters are implemented as full crossbars, in a manner similar to the 4-bit shifter depicted above, only larger. These incur the least delay, with the output always a single gate delay behind the input to be shifted (after allowing the small time needed for the shift count decoder to settle; this penalty, however, is only incurred when the shift count changes).
While what these instructions do is similar to bit level gather-scatter SIMD instructions, PDEP and PEXT instructions (like the rest of the BMI instruction sets) operate on general-purpose registers. [12] The instructions are available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions. An example using arbitrary source and selector in 32-bit mode is:
However, some compilers may provide access to the processor instructions by means of intrinsic functions. In addition, some constructs in standard ANSI C code may be optimized by a compiler to the "rotate" assembly language instruction on CPUs that have such an instruction. Most C compilers recognize the following idiom, and compile it to a ...
Another example may be an 8-bit register with the bit pattern 01010101 and the carry flag set; if we execute a rotate left through carry instruction, the result would be 10101011 with the carry flag cleared because the most significant bit (bit 7) was rotated into the carry while the carry was rotated into the least significant bit (bit 0).