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In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical trivial name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single. [1] Alkanes have the general chemical formula C n H 2n+2.
Alkane C 3 H 4: Propyne: Alkyne C 3 H 6: Propene: Alkene C 3 H 8: Propane: Alkane C 4 H 6: 1,2-Butadiene: Diene: C 4 H 6: 1-Butyne: Alkyne C 4 H 8: 1-Butene: Alkene C 4 H 10: Butane: Alkane C 6 H 10: Cyclohexene: Cycloalkene C 5 H 12: n-pentane: Alkane C 7 H 14: Cycloheptane: Cycloalkane C 7 H 14: Methylcyclohexane: Cyclohexane C 8 H 8: Cubane ...
1.557 454 318 575 50 × 10 20: 3.373 536 543 484 52 × 10 23: C 55 H 112: n-pentapentacontane: 56 4.191 495 711 934 12 × 10 20: 1.060 278 034 376 26 × 10 24: C 56 H 114: n-hexapentacontane: 57 1.128 939 578 361 33 × 10 21: 3.335 014 088 191 92 × 10 24: C 57 H 116: n-heptapentacontane: 58 3.043 043 571 906 83 × 10 21: 1.049 801 595 284 36 ...
Formula CH 4: C 2 H 6: C 2 H 4: C 2 H 2: Class alkane: alkane: alkene: alkyne: Structure Hybridisation of carbon sp 3: sp 3: sp 2: sp C-H bond length 1.087 Å: 1.094 Å: 1.087 Å: 1.060 Å: Proportion of ethane C-H bond length 99% 100% 99% 97% Structure determination method microwave spectroscopy: microwave spectroscopy microwave spectroscopy ...
Unsaturated compounds generally carry out typical addition reactions that are not possible with saturated compounds such as alkanes. A saturated organic compound has only single bonds between carbon atoms. An important class of saturated compounds are the alkanes. Many saturated compounds have functional groups, e.g., alcohols.
[2] [3] Many of the simple molecules of organic chemistry, such as the alkanes and alkenes, have both linear and ring isomers, that is, both acyclic and cyclic. For those with 4 or more carbons, the linear forms can have straight-chain or branched-chain isomers.
Alkanes as substituents are called alkyl groups Subcategories. This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. B. Butane (2 C, 11 P) E. Ethane (1 C ...
A 3D model of ethyne (), the simplest alkyneIn organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. [1] The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula C n H 2n−2.