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A primality test is an algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime.Among other fields of mathematics, it is used for cryptography.Unlike integer factorization, primality tests do not generally give prime factors, only stating whether the input number is prime or not.
Legendre's conjecture, proposed by Adrien-Marie Legendre, states that there is a prime number between and (+) for every positive integer. [ 1 ] The conjecture is one of Landau's problems (1912) on prime numbers, and is one of many open problems on the spacing of prime numbers.
and at least another prime between x 2 and x(x + 1). It can also be phrased equivalently as stating that the prime-counting function must take unequal values at the endpoints of each range. [3] That is: π (x 2 − x) < π (x 2) < π (x 2 + x) for x > 1. with π (x) being the number of prime numbers less than or equal to x.
The prime number race generalizes to other moduli and is the subject of much research; Pál Turán asked whether it is always the case that π c,a (x) and π c,b (x) change places when a and b are coprime to c. [34]
In number theory, primes in arithmetic progression are any sequence of at least three prime numbers that are consecutive terms in an arithmetic progression. An example is the sequence of primes (3, 7, 11), which is given by a n = 3 + 4 n {\displaystyle a_{n}=3+4n} for 0 ≤ n ≤ 2 {\displaystyle 0\leq n\leq 2} .
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In computational number theory, the Lucas test is a primality test for a natural number n; it requires that the prime factors of n − 1 be already known. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is the basis of the Pratt certificate that gives a concise verification that n is prime.
This is a list of articles about prime numbers. A prime number (or prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. By Euclid's theorem, there are an infinite number of prime numbers. Subsets of the prime numbers may be generated with various formulas for primes.