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The second year's payoff has the same payoff as a one-year option, but with the strike price equal to the stock price at the end of the first year. The third year's payoff has the same payoff as a one-year option, but with the strike price equal to the stock price at the end of the second year.
Both parties could enter into a forward contract with each other. Suppose that they both agree on the sale price in one year's time of $104,000 (more below on why the sale price should be this amount). Alice and Bob have entered into a forward contract. Bob, because he is buying the underlying, is said to have entered a long forward contract.
For example, a futures contract on a zero-coupon bond will have a futures price lower than the forward price. This is called the futures "convexity correction". Thus, assuming constant rates, for a simple, non-dividend paying asset, the value of the futures/forward price, F(t,T) , will be found by compounding the present value S(t) at time t to ...
For example, for bond options [3] the underlying is a bond, but the source of uncertainty is the annualized interest rate (i.e. the short rate). Here, for each randomly generated yield curve we observe a different resultant bond price on the option's exercise date; this bond price is then the input for the determination of the option's payoff.
Any derivative instrument that is not a contingent claim is called a forward commitment. [ 3 ] The prototypical contingent claim is an option , [ 1 ] the right to buy or sell the underlying asset at a specified exercise price by a certain expiration date; whereas ( vanilla ) swaps , forwards , and futures are forward commitments, since these ...
Its primary applications are for pricing options on future contracts, bond options, interest rate cap and floors, and swaptions. It was first presented in a paper written by Fischer Black in 1976. Black's model can be generalized into a class of models known as log-normal forward models.
The payoff at maturity depends not just on the value of the underlying instrument at maturity, but also on its value at several times during the contract's life (for example an Asian option depending on some average, a lookback option depending on the maximum or minimum, a barrier option which ceases to exist if a certain level is reached or ...
The condor is so named because of its payoff diagram's perceived resemblance to a large bird such as a condor. [ 6 ] An iron condor is a strategy which replicates the payoff of a short condor, but with a different combination of options.