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“Nausea and or vomiting are usually the first symptoms of norovirus,” says infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, MD, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.
Norovirus, also known as Norwalk virus and sometimes referred to as the winter vomiting disease, is the most common cause of gastroenteritis. [1] [6] Infection is characterized by non-bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain. [2] [3] Fever or headaches may also occur. [2]
[2] [4] In children, rotavirus is the most common cause of severe disease. [10] In adults, norovirus and Campylobacter are common causes. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Eating improperly prepared food, drinking contaminated water or close contact with a person who is infected can spread the disease . [ 2 ]
In 1968, an outbreak at a Norwalk elementary school (e.g. Norwalk virus) in Ohio led to stool samples again being given to volunteers and serially passaged to other people. Finally, in 1972, Kapikian and his colleagues isolated the Norwalk virus from volunteers using immune electron microscopy , a process that involves looking directly at ...
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Sapovirus is a genetically diverse genus of single-stranded positive-sense RNA, non-enveloped viruses within the family Caliciviridae. [1] [2] Together with norovirus, sapoviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (commonly called the "stomach flu" although it is not related to influenza) in humans and animals.
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