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  2. Orbit of Mars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit_of_Mars

    Extra-close oppositions of Mars happen every 15 to 17 years, when we pass between Mars and the Sun around the time of its perihelion (closest point to the Sun in orbit). The minimum distance between Earth and Mars has been declining over the years, and in 2003 the minimum distance was 55.76 million km, nearer than any such encounter in almost ...

  3. Apsis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsis

    The apsides refer to the farthest (2) and nearest (3) points reached by an orbiting planetary body (2 and 3) with respect to a primary, or host, body (1). An apsis (from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís) 'arch, vault'; pl. apsides / ˈ æ p s ɪ ˌ d iː z / AP-sih-deez) [1] [2] is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body.

  4. Mars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars

    At their furthest Mars and Earth can be as far as 401 million km (249 million mi) apart. [191] Mars comes into opposition from Earth every 2.1 years. The planets come into opposition near Mars's perihelion in 2003, 2018 and 2035, with the 2020 and 2033 events being particularly close to perihelic opposition. [192] [193] [194]

  5. Apsidal precession - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsidal_precession

    The ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus noted the apsidal precession of the Moon's orbit (as the revolution of the Moon's apogee with a period of approximately 8.85 years); [4] it is corrected for in the Antikythera Mechanism (circa 80 BCE) (with the supposed value of 8.88 years per full cycle, correct to within 0.34% of current measurements). [5]

  6. Hohmann transfer orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohmann_transfer_orbit

    The diagram shows a Hohmann transfer orbit to bring a spacecraft from a lower circular orbit into a higher one. It is an elliptic orbit that is tangential both to the lower circular orbit the spacecraft is to leave (cyan, labeled 1 on diagram) and the higher circular orbit that it is to reach (red, labeled 3 on diagram).

  7. Elon Musk has pledged to settle Mars. This book offers a ...

    www.aol.com/news/elon-musk-pledged-settle-mars...

    Even if that goes down to just 0.1% every month on Mars (where gravity is 38% of Earth’s surface gravity), you could imagine that being really bad, for example, when labor kicks in and you’ve ...

  8. Kepler's laws of planetary motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler's_laws_of_planetary...

    As the two dates chosen here are equinoxes, this will be correct when perihelion, the date the Earth is closest to the Sun, falls on a solstice. The current perihelion, near January 4, is fairly close to the solstice of December 21 or 22.

  9. Martian dichotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martian_dichotomy

    The spin axis of Mars, as with many bodies, precesses over millions of years. At present, the solstices nearly coincide with Mars's aphelion and perihelion. This results in one hemisphere, the Southern, receiving more sunlight in summer and less in winter, and thus more extreme temperatures, than the Northern.