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Floral formulae are one of the two ways of describing flower structure developed during the 19th century, the other being floral diagrams. [2] The format of floral formulae differs according to the tastes of particular authors and periods, yet they tend to convey the same information. [1] A floral formula is often used along with a floral diagram.
A floral diagram is a graphic representation of the structure of a flower. It shows the number of floral organs, their arrangement and fusion. Different parts of the flower are represented by their respective symbols. Floral diagrams are useful for flower identification or can help in understanding angiosperm evolution.
The floral formula is a way of symbolically representing the structure of a flower through the use of letters, numbers and other signs. Typically, the floral formula is used to represent the morphological characteristics of the flowers of a given plant family, rather than of a particular species. The following are the most commonly used symbols ...
Diagram showing the parts of a mature flower. In this example the perianth is separated into a calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals.
The main axis is the circle at the top of the diagram [2] Floral diagramming is a method used to graphically describe a flower. In the context of floral diagramming, the floral axis represents the center point around which the diagram is oriented. [3] The floral axis can also be referred to as the receptacle in floral diagrams or when ...
A diagram showing some kinds of petal or sepal aestivation in flower buds. A: quincuncial; B: twisted, C: cochleate; D: contorted; E: valvate; F: open. Aestivation or estivation is the positional arrangement of the parts of a flower within a flower bud before it has opened.
English: Relation of plant material to the Floral diagram. Black dashed line represents the cross-section. 1 – main axis relative to the flower; 2 – cross-section through the flower, which makes the most important part of the diagram, 3 – bracteole, 4 – subtending bract. The rounded lines connecting sepals represent calyx appendages.
A mature flower. In this example, the perianth is separated into a calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepals when called a perigone.