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Manganese oxide is any of a variety of manganese oxides and hydroxides. [1] These include Manganese(II) oxide, MnO; Manganese(II,III) oxide, Mn 3 O 4; Manganese(III) oxide, Mn 2 O 3; Manganese dioxide, MnO 2; Manganese(VI) oxide, MnO 3; Manganese(VII) oxide, Mn 2 O 7; Other manganese oxides include Mn 5 O 8, Mn 7 O 12 and Mn 7 O 13.
Manganese(II,III) oxide is the chemical compound with formula Mn 3 O 4. Manganese is present in two oxidation states +2 and +3 and the formula is sometimes written as MnO · Mn 2 O 3 . Mn 3 O 4 is found in nature as the mineral hausmannite .
An alternative route, mostly for demonstration purposes, is the oxalate method, which also applicable to the synthesis of ferrous oxide and stannous oxide. Upon heating in an oxygen-free atmosphere (usually CO 2), manganese(II) oxalate decomposes into MnO: [9] MnC 2 O 4 ·2H 2 O → MnO + CO 2 + CO + 2 H 2 O
Manganese dioxide also catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water: 2 H 2 O 2 → 2 H 2 O + O 2. Manganese dioxide decomposes above about 530 °C to manganese(III) oxide and oxygen. At temperatures close to 1000 °C, the mixed-valence compound Mn 3 O 4 forms. Higher temperatures give MnO, which is reduced only with ...
Manganese(III) oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Mn 2 O 3. It occurs in nature as the mineral bixbyite (recently changed to bixbyite-(Mn) [ 3 ] [ 4 ] ) and is used in the production of ferrites and thermistors .
Manganese(IV) oxide was used in the original type of dry cell battery as an electron acceptor from zinc, and is the blackish material in carbon–zinc type flashlight cells. The manganese dioxide is reduced to the manganese oxide-hydroxide MnO(OH) during discharging, preventing the formation of hydrogen at the anode of the battery. [82]
Generalized formula may be represented as Ba(Mn 2+)(Mn 4+) 8 O 16 (OH) 4 or as (Ba,H 2 O) 2 Mn 5 O 10. It is sometimes considered to be a hydrous manganese manganate, but of doubtful composition. The amount of manganese present corresponds to 70-80% of manganous oxide with 10-15% of available oxygen.
Hausmannite is a complex oxide, or a mixed oxide, of manganese containing both di-and tri-valent manganese. Its chemical formula can be represented as Mn II Mn III 2 O 4, or more simply noted as MnO·Mn 2 O 3, or Mn 3 O 4, as commonly done for magnetite (Fe 3 O 4), the corresponding iron oxide. It belongs to the spinel group and forms ...