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The Keller Plan has mainly been used in higher education, particularly as a more personalized form of instruction in large classes, but there is nothing inherent in Keller's formulation to restrict its application to particular grade levels, content, or types of courses; [4] for instance the papers [5] and [6] report on usage in elementary school and junior high school, respectively.
Hoshin Kanri (Japanese: 方針管理, "policy management") [1] is a 7-step process used in strategic planning in which strategic goals are communicated throughout the company and then put into action. [2] [3] The Hoshin Kanri strategic planning system originated from post-war Japan, but has since spread to the U.S. and around the world.
Educational management refers to the administration of the education system in which a group combines human and material resources to supervise, plan, strategise, and implement structures to execute an education system. [1] [2] Education is the equipping of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, habits, and attitudes with learning experiences.
The context-input-process-output (CIPO) model is a basic systems model of school functioning, which can be applied to several levels within education, namely system level, school level and classroom level. [1] The model also functions as analytical framework through which the educational quality can be reviewed. [2]
Instructional design (ID), also known as instructional systems design and originally known as instructional systems development (ISD), is the practice of systematically designing, developing and delivering instructional materials and experiences, both digital and physical, in a consistent and reliable fashion toward an efficient, effective, appealing, engaging and inspiring acquisition of ...
For example, a plan for baking a cake might start: go to the store; get eggs; get flour; get milk; pay for all goods; go to the kitchen; This is a partial plan because the order for finding eggs, flour and milk is not specified, the agent can wander around the store reactively accumulating all the items on its shopping list until the list is complete.
In traditional curriculum planning, a list of content that will be taught is created and/or selected. [4] In backward design, the educator starts with goals, creates or plans out assessments and finally makes lesson plans. Supporters of backward design liken the process to using a "road map". [5]
Some writers have been critical of SoTL as lacking focus and definition with a lack of clarity on the differences between SoTL and Educational Research undertaken in tertiary education. It is also argued that SoTL has become too broad in definition and is conflated with non-evidenced based teaching interventions and innovations. [ 23 ]