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The pharyngeal muscles (involuntary skeletal) push food into the esophagus. There are two muscular layers of the pharynx: the outer circular layer and the inner longitudinal layer. The outer circular layer includes: Superior constrictor muscle; Middle constrictor muscle; Inferior constrictor muscle
Invertebrates also have a pharynx. Invertebrates with a pharynx include the tardigrades, [12] annelids and arthropods, [13] and the priapulids (which have an eversible pharynx). [14] The "pharynx" of the nematode worm is a muscular food pump in the head, triangular in cross-section, that grinds food and transports it directly to the intestines ...
As soon as a bolus of food is received in the pharynx, elevator muscles relax, and the pharynx descends. The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, along with the other constrictors, contract upon the bolus, and convey it downward into the esophagus. [4] [7] During swallowing, they contract and cause peristalsis in the pharynx. [4]
The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a quadrilateral muscle of the pharynx. It is the uppermost and thinnest of the three pharyngeal constrictors. [citation needed] The muscle is divided into four parts according to its four distincts origins: a pterygopharyngeal, buccopharyngeal, mylopharyngeal, and a glossopharyngeal part.
The muscle contracts during swallowing: [1] as soon as the bolus of food is received in the pharynx, the elevator muscles relax, the pharynx descends, and the constrictors contract upon the bolus, and convey it downward towards the esophagus. [2] [3] They also have respiratory mechanical effects. [4]
The buccopharyngeal fascia is a fascia of the pharynx. [1] It represents the posterior portion of the pretracheal fascia [2] (visceral fascia). [3] It covers the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles, and buccinator muscle. [4]
The pharyngeal raphe is a raphe that serves as the posterior attachment for several of the pharyngeal constrictors (thyropharyngeal part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle, superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle). [1] [2] Two sides of the pharyngeal wall are joined posteriorly in the midline by ...
The salpingopharyngeus muscle is a muscle of the pharynx. It arises from the lower part of the cartilage of the Eustachian tube, [1] and inserts into the palatopharyngeus muscle by blending with its posterior fasciculus. It is innervated by vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) via the pharyngeal plexus.
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