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According to Stephen Skinner, the study of sacred geometry has its roots in the study of nature, and the mathematical principles at work therein. [5] Many forms observed in nature can be related to geometry; for example, the chambered nautilus grows at a constant rate and so its shell forms a logarithmic spiral to accommodate that growth without changing shape.
Metal artefacts share the same geometric designs that are used in other forms of Islamic art. However, in the view of Hamilton Gibb , the emphasis differs: geometric patterns tend to be used for borders, and if they are in the main decorative area they are most often used in combination with other motifs such as floral designs, arabesques ...
An overlapping circles grid is a geometric pattern of repeating, overlapping circles of an equal radius in two-dimensional space.Commonly, designs are based on circles centered on triangles (with the simple, two circle form named vesica piscis) or on the square lattice pattern of points.
Girih consists of geometric designs, often of stars and polygons, which can be constructed in a variety of ways. [16] Girih star and polygon patterns with 5- and 10-fold rotational symmetry are known to have been made as early as the 13th century. Such figures can be drawn by compass and straightedge.
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Religious art – Art with religious subjects Shamsa – Intricately decorated rosette or medallion which is used in many contexts, including manuscripts, carpets, ornamental metalwork and architectural decoration such as the underside of domes Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
Girih tiles Patterned Girih tiles Construction lines are usually hidden: geometric tiles on left, girih pattern on right.. Girih tiles are a set of five tiles that were used in the creation of Islamic geometric patterns using strapwork for decoration of buildings in Islamic architecture.
Some earlier schemes create designs using mixtures of tiles each of a single colour that are either cut to shape or are small and of a few shapes, used to create abstract geometric patterns. Later large painted schemes use tiles painted before firing with a part of the scheme – a technique requiring confidence in the consistent results of firing.