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Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface. [1] [2] Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud usually resembling stratus and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, and wind conditions.
In this test chamber, air pressure drops suddenly to that of the atmosphere at 60,000 ft (18,000 m). Air humidity immediately condenses into fog, which within seconds evaporates back into gas. The term uncontrolled decompression here refers to the unplanned depressurisation of vessels that are occupied by people; for example, a pressurised ...
Sudden drop in ambient pressure during an ascent to the surface from a 6 m final stop on oxygen. A shift from breathing oxygen at the final 6 m decompression stop at a partial pressure of 1.6 bar to breathing air at the surface with a partial pressure of 0.2 bar, could have vasodilatory effects during the period directly after surfacing.
To date, no comparable series of studies has been performed. In one seminal experiment, Donald exposed 36 healthy divers to 3.7 bars (370 kPa; 54 psi) of oxygen in a chamber, equivalent to breathing pure oxygen at a depth of 27 metres (90 ft), and recorded the time of onset of various signs and symptoms.
Hypoxia (hypo: "below", oxia: "oxygenated") refers to low oxygen conditions. Hypoxia is problematic for air-breathing organisms, yet it is essential for many anaerobic organisms. Hypoxia applies to many situations, but usually refers to the atmosphere and natural waters.
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At very high altitude, from 3,500 to 5,500 metres (11,500 to 18,000 ft) arterial oxygen saturation falls below 90% and arterial P O 2 is reduced to the extent that extreme hypoxemia may occur during exercise and sleep, and if high altitude pulmonary edema occurs. In this range severe altitude illness is common. [2]
This is about 4% oxygen in the lungs and 45% oxygen saturation of the arterial blood. At 30 msw (4 bar), 2% by volume oxygen in the lung gas gives a P O 2 of 60 millimetres of mercury (80 mbar). At 10 msw (2 bar), for the same 2% oxygen, the P O 2 would be 30 millimetres of mercury (40 mbar), i.e. marginal. At the surface the same 2% oxygen ...