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Like natural languages, programming languages follow rules for syntax and semantics. There are thousands of programming languages [ 1 ] and new ones are created every year. Few languages ever become sufficiently popular that they are used by more than a few people, but professional programmers may use dozens of languages in a career.
^c The ALGOL 68, C and C++ languages do not specify the exact width of the integer types short, int, long, and (C99, C++11) long long, so they are implementation-dependent. In C and C++ short , long , and long long types are required to be at least 16, 32, and 64 bits wide, respectively, but can be more.
This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction
Microsoft Visual Studio (formerly Python Tools for Visual Studio [53]) Microsoft 16.9 2021-03-02 Windows: C++ and C#: Windows Forms and WPF, through IronPython: Python tools under Apache License 2.0: Yes Yes Yes No Unknown Unknown Unknown Yes [54] Unknown Unknown Yes Basic refactoring Yes Yes MonoDevelop: Novell and the Mono community ...
A function. May be unary or n-ary (or always unary for languages without n-ary functions). func1, func2, etc. functions of specific arity. func (with no number) is the same as func1, also known as a projection in many languages. pred Unary function returning a Boolean value. (ML type: 'a -> bool) (C-like type: bool pred < T > (T t)). list The ...
Cython (/ ˈ s aɪ θ ɒ n /) is a superset of the programming language Python, which allows developers to write Python code (with optional, C-inspired syntax extensions) that yields performance comparable to that of C. [5] [6] Cython is a compiled language that is typically used to generate CPython extension modules.
Esoteric languages. Many esoteric programming languages follow the convention that any text not executed by the instruction pointer (e.g., Befunge) or otherwise assigned a meaning (e.g., Brainfuck), is considered a "comment".
Widely used as a server-side scripting language. C-like syntax. [20] Pike: 1994: Fredrik Hübinette: An interpreted, general-purpose, high-level, cross-platform, dynamic programming language, with a syntax similar to that of C. PROMAL: 1985: Systems Management Associates: A C-like language for MS-DOS, Commodore 64, and Apple II. R: 1993: Ross ...