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Python uses the following syntax to express list comprehensions over finite lists: S = [ 2 * x for x in range ( 100 ) if x ** 2 > 3 ] A generator expression may be used in Python versions >= 2.4 which gives lazy evaluation over its input, and can be used with generators to iterate over 'infinite' input such as the count generator function which ...
Here, the list [0..] represents , x^2>3 represents the predicate, and 2*x represents the output expression.. List comprehensions give results in a defined order (unlike the members of sets); and list comprehensions may generate the members of a list in order, rather than produce the entirety of the list thus allowing, for example, the previous Haskell definition of the members of an infinite list.
Set-builder notation can be used to describe a set that is defined by a predicate, that is, a logical formula that evaluates to true for an element of the set, and false otherwise. [2] In this form, set-builder notation has three parts: a variable, a colon or vertical bar separator, and a predicate.
If-then-else flow diagram A nested if–then–else flow diagram. In computer science, conditionals (that is, conditional statements, conditional expressions and conditional constructs) are programming language constructs that perform different computations or actions or return different values depending on the value of a Boolean expression, called a condition.
nested calls: using several levels of subroutines; recursive calls; nested levels of parentheses in arithmetic expressions; nested blocks of imperative source code such as nested if-clauses, while-clauses, repeat-until clauses etc. information hiding: nested function definitions with lexical scope
The dangling else is a problem in programming of parser generators in which an optional else clause in an if–then(–else) statement can make nested conditional statements ambiguous. Formally, the reference context-free grammar of the language is ambiguous , meaning there is more than one correct parse tree .
{F(x) | x ∈ A} denotes the set of all objects obtained by putting members of the set A into the formula F. For example, {2x | x ∈ Z} is again the set of all even integers. (See axiom of replacement.) {F(x) | P(x)} is the most general form of set builder notation. For example, {x's owner | x is a dog} is the set of all dog owners.
For example, x 1 is a positive literal, ¬x 2 is a negative literal, and x 1 ∨ ¬x 2 is a clause. The formula ( x 1 ∨ ¬ x 2 ) ∧ (¬ x 1 ∨ x 2 ∨ x 3 ) ∧ ¬ x 1 is in conjunctive normal form; its first and third clauses are Horn clauses, but its second clause is not.