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The word 동무 tongmu/dongmu that is used to mean "friend" in the North was originally used across the whole of Korea, but after the division of Korea, North Korea began to use it as a translation of the Russian term товарищ (friend, comrade), and since then, the word has come to mean "comrade" in the South as well and has fallen out of ...
V The syntactic moods, for lack of a better term, are the indicative-nun 는-neun,-ni 니, or n ㄴ; the retrospective (imperfective) -ten 던-deon, ti 디-di, or t ㄷ-d-; and the subjunctive si 시-si or s ㅅ. None of these are used in the casual or intimate styles, and the formal plain indicative declarative can only occur in the gnomic tense.
Very formally polite Traditionally used when addressing a king, queen, or high official. When the infix op / saop, jaop (옵; after a vowel / 사옵 , 자옵; after a consonant) or sap / jap (삽 / 잡) or sao / jao (사오 / 자오) is inserted, the politeness level also becomes very high.
Possibly the earliest romanization system was an 1832 system by German doctor Philipp Franz von Siebold, who was living in Japan. [5] Another early romanization system was an 1835 unnamed and unpublished system by missionary Walter Henry Medhurst that was used in his translation of a book on the Chinese, Korean, and Japanese languages.
Korean pronouns pose some difficulty to speakers of English due to their complexity. The Korean language makes extensive use of speech levels and honorifics in its grammar, and Korean pronouns also change depending on the social distinction between the speaker and the person or persons spoken to.
While the first Korean typewriter, or 한글 타자기, is unclear,the first Moa-Sugi style (모아쓰기,The form of hangul where consonants and vowels come together to form a letter; The standard form of Hangul used today) typewriter is thought to be first invented by Korean-American gyopo Lee Won-Ik (이원익) in 1914, where he modified a Smith Premier 10 typewriter's type into Hangul.
North Korea's approach to vocabulary management, consisting of maintenance, distribution, and control, is executed based on a centralized, top-down policy, which fundamentally differs from South Korea's approach. [6] Vocabulary maintenance in North Korea principally targets words of foreign origin, classified into Sino-Korean words and loan words.
The modern Korean punctuation system is largely based on European punctuation, with the use of periods (마침표, machimpyo), commas (쉼표, swimpyo), and question marks (물음표, mul-eumpyo).