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  2. Stalagmometric method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalagmometric_method

    If we take water as a reference fluid, = If the surface tension of water is known which is 72 dyne/cm, we can calculate the surface tension of the specific fluid from the equation. The more drops we weigh, the more precisely we can calculate the surface tension from the equation. [3] The stalagmometer must be kept clean for meaningful readings.

  3. Surface tension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension

    Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension is what allows objects with a higher density than water such as razor blades and insects (e.g. water striders) to float on a water surface without becoming even partly submerged.

  4. Zisman Plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zisman_Plot

    The angle of a drop of the liquid on the solid as seen in Figure 1 degrees or radians 1-cos(θ SL) The y-axis of the Zisman Plot representing wetting unitless γ L: The surface tension of the respective liquid dyne / cm γ C: The critical surface tension of the liquid needed to effectively wet the solid substrate dyne / cm

  5. Meniscus (liquid) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meniscus_(liquid)

    A: The bottom of a concave meniscus. B: The top of a convex meniscus. In physics (particularly fluid statics), the meniscus (pl.: menisci, from Greek 'crescent') is the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, produced by surface tension.

  6. Sessile drop technique - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sessile_drop_technique

    In materials science, the sessile drop technique is a method used for the characterization of solid surface energies, and in some cases, aspects of liquid surface energies. [1] The main premise of the method is that by placing a droplet of liquid with a known surface energy and contact angle , the surface energy of the solid substrate can be ...

  7. Dewetting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewetting

    The opposite process—spreading of a liquid on a substrate—is called wetting. The factor determining the spontaneous spreading and dewetting for a drop of liquid placed on a solid substrate with ambient gas, is the so-called spreading coefficient S: Surface tension diagram of a liquid droplet on a solid substrate.

  8. Tensiometer (surface tension) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensiometer_(surface_tension)

    The Wilhelmy plate tensiometer requires a plate to make contact with the liquid surface. It is widely considered the simplest and most accurate method for surface tension measurement. Due to a large wetted length of the platinum plate, the surface tension reading is typically very stable compared to alternative methods.

  9. Plateau–Rayleigh instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau–Rayleigh_instability

    Three examples of droplet detachment for different fluids: (left) water, (center) glycerol, (right) a solution of PEG in water. In fluid dynamics, the Plateau–Rayleigh instability, often just called the Rayleigh instability, explains why and how a falling stream of fluid breaks up into smaller packets with the same total volume but less surface area per droplet.