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Central pattern generators (CPGs) are self-organizing biological neural circuits [1] [2] that produce rhythmic outputs in the absence of rhythmic input. [3] [4] [5] They are the source of the tightly-coupled patterns of neural activity that drive rhythmic and stereotyped motor behaviors like walking, swimming, breathing, or chewing.
A woman exercising. In physiology, motor coordination is the orchestrated movement of multiple body parts as required to accomplish intended actions, like walking.This coordination is achieved by adjusting kinematic and kinetic parameters associated with each body part involved in the intended movement.
Motor control is the regulation of movements in organisms that possess a nervous system. Motor control includes conscious voluntary movements , subconscious muscle memory and involuntary reflexes , [ 1 ] as well as instinctual taxes .
The enteric nervous system functions to control the gastrointestinal system. Nerves that exit from the brain are called cranial nerves while those exiting from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves. The nervous system consists of nervous tissue which, at a cellular level, is defined by the presence of a special type of cell, called the ...
Both the neural control and the mechanics of the limb contribute to its overall stiffness. The cocontraction of antagonistic muscles, posture of the limb, and stretch reflexes within the limb all contribute to stiffness and are affected by the nervous system. [1] [6] The stiffness of a limb is dependent on its configuration or joint arrangement.
Motor control – Regulation of movement within organisms possessing a nervous system; Multisensory integration – Study of senses and nervous system; Seasickness – Motion sickness occurring at sea; Spatial disorientation – Inability of a person to correctly determine their body position in space
It is a simple device which uses a mirror in a box to create an illusion in which the sensory system perceives that it is seeing two hands instead of one, therefore allowing the sensory system to control the "phantom limb". By doing this, the sensory system can gradually get acclimated to the amputated limb, and thus alleviate this syndrome. [36]
Central structures include cerebral cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, pyramidal system including the upper motor neurons, extrapyramidal system, cerebellum, and the lower motor neurons in the brainstem and the spinal cord. [3] The motor system is a biological system with close ties to the muscular system and the circulatory system.