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Central structures include cerebral cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, pyramidal system including the upper motor neurons, extrapyramidal system, cerebellum, and the lower motor neurons in the brainstem and the spinal cord. [3] The motor system is a biological system with close ties to the muscular system and the circulatory system.
Motor control is the regulation of movements in organisms that possess a nervous system. Motor control includes conscious voluntary movements , subconscious muscle memory and involuntary reflexes , [ 1 ] as well as instinctual taxes .
A woman exercising. In physiology, motor coordination is the orchestrated movement of multiple body parts as required to accomplish intended actions, like walking.This coordination is achieved by adjusting kinematic and kinetic parameters associated with each body part involved in the intended movement.
The enteric nervous system functions to control the gastrointestinal system. Nerves that exit from the brain are called cranial nerves while those exiting from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves. The nervous system consists of nervous tissue which, at a cellular level, is defined by the presence of a special type of cell, called the ...
Motor control – Regulation of movement within organisms possessing a nervous system; Multisensory integration – Study of senses and nervous system; Seasickness – Motion sickness occurring at sea; Spatial disorientation – Inability of a person to correctly determine their body position in space
A neural pathway connects one part of the nervous system to another using bundles of axons called tracts. The optic tract that extends from the optic nerve is an example of a neural pathway because it connects the eye to the brain; additional pathways within the brain connect to the visual cortex.
Sensory information used for postural control largely comes from visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems. [2] While the ability to regulate posture in vertebrates was previously thought to be a mostly automatic task, controlled by circuits in the spinal cord and brainstem, it is now clear that cortical areas are also involved, updating ...
Both the neural control and the mechanics of the limb contribute to its overall stiffness. The cocontraction of antagonistic muscles, posture of the limb, and stretch reflexes within the limb all contribute to stiffness and are affected by the nervous system. [1] [6] The stiffness of a limb is dependent on its configuration or joint arrangement.