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The tail of Spence (Spence's tail, axillary process, axillary tail) has historically been described as an extension of the tissue of the upper outer quadrant of the breast traveling into the axilla. [1] The "axillary tail" has been reported to pass into the axilla through an opening in the deep fascia called foramen of Langer.
Axillary dissection is a surgical procedure that incises the axilla, usually in order to identify, examine, or take out lymph nodes. [1] The term "axilla" refers to the armpit or underarm section of the body. [2] The axillary dissection procedure is commonly used in treating the underarm portion of women who are dealing with breast cancer. [3]
The en bloc removal of the breast tissue became known as the Halsted mastectomy before adopting the title "the complete operation" and eventually, "the radical mastectomy" as it is known today. [ 5 ] Radical mastectomy was based on the medical belief at the time that breast cancer spread locally at first, invading nearby tissue and then ...
Enlarged lymph nodes around your collarbone or armpit area. Aside from breast lumps and visual signs of breast cancer (like abnormalities in the skin of your breasts or nipples), keep in mind that ...
A lumpectomy is a surgery to remove a breast tumor along with a resection margin of normal breast tissue. The margin is the healthy, noncancerous tissue that is next to the tumor. A pathologist analyzes the margin excised by the lumpectomy to detect any possible cancer cells.
The combined effects of radiation and breast cancer surgery can in particular lead to complications such as breast fibrosis, secondary lymphoedema (which may occur in the arm, the breast or the chest, in particular after axillary lymph node dissection [5] [6]), breast asymmetry, and chronic/recurrent breast cellulitis, each of these having long ...
Mastectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely.A mastectomy is usually carried out to treat breast cancer. [1] [2] In some cases, women believed to be at high risk of breast cancer choose to have the operation as a preventive measure. [1]
Angela Ellis, 27, a med student, found a lump in her breast and thought it was benign. A surgeon removed it, didn't tell her it was cancer. She diagnosed self.
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