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  2. Capital budgeting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_budgeting

    Capital budgeting in corporate finance, corporate planning and accounting is an area of capital management that concerns the planning process used to determine whether an organization's long term capital investments such as new machinery, replacement of machinery, new plants, new products, and research development projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm's capitalization ...

  3. Engineering economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_economics

    Factors such as risk of capital loss, along with possible or expected returns must also be considered when capital budgeting is underway. For example, if a company has $20,000 to invest in a number of high, moderate, and low risk projects, the decision would depend upon how much risk the company is willing to take on, and if the returns offered ...

  4. Moral hazard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_hazard

    Moral hazard can occur under a type of information asymmetry where the risk-taking party to a transaction knows more about its intentions than the party paying the consequences of the risk and has a tendency or incentive to take on too much risk from the perspective of the party with less information.

  5. Organizational learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_learning

    [26] Endogenous learning occurs when employees learn from within the firm, which is "manifested by technical changes, direct-labor learning, and smoothing production flows." [26] The other two categories, induced and autonomous learning, describe the environments in which progress occurs. Induced learning occurs when a firm makes investments or ...

  6. Payback period - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payback_period

    Payback period in capital budgeting refers to the time required to recoup the funds expended in an investment, or to reach the break-even point. [1]For example, a $1000 investment made at the start of year 1 which returned $500 at the end of year 1 and year 2 respectively would have a two-year payback period.

  7. Managerial finance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managerial_finance

    Managerial finance is the branch of finance that concerns itself with the financial aspects of managerial decisions. [1] Finance addresses the ways in which organizations (and individuals) raise and allocate monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects; Managerial finance, then, emphasizes the managerial application of these finance techniques and ...

  8. Financial risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_risk

    Credit risk management is used by banks, credit lenders, and other financial institutions to mitigate losses primarily associated with nonpayment of loans. A credit risk occurs when there is potential that a borrower may default or miss on an obligation as stated in a contract between the financial institution and the borrower. [12]

  9. Capital expenditure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_expenditure

    Capital expenditures are the funds used to acquire or upgrade a company's fixed assets, such as expenditures towards property, plant, or equipment (PP&E). [3] In the case when a capital expenditure constitutes a major financial decision for a company, the expenditure must be formalized at an annual shareholders meeting or a special meeting of the Board of Directors.