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The Flowers of the Four Seasons (Chinese: 四季名花, Sìjì Mínghuā) are a traditional grouping of flowers found in Chinese culture [1] that spread to and influenced other East Asian [2] arts. In Chinese art [3] and culture, the flowers that represent the four seasons consist of: (春兰) Chūnlán – Spring – orchid
In Chinese art, the Four Gentlemen or Four Noble Ones (Chinese: 四君子; pinyin: Sì Jūnzǐ), is a collective term referring to four plants: the plum blossom, the orchid, the bamboo, and the chrysanthemum. [1] [2] The term compares the four plants to Confucian junzi, or "gentlemen".
An ancient Chinese city (Xiaolan Town of Zhongshan City) was named Ju-Xian, meaning "chrysanthemum city". The plant is particularly significant during the Chinese Double Ninth Festival . In Chinese culture, the chrysanthemum is a symbol of autumn and the flower of the ninth moon.
The Chrysanthemum Festival, is a festival held in the town of Xiaolan in November. [1] Zhongshan is sometimes called "Chrysanthemum city" because of its chrysanthemum culture. During the Ming dynasty, people planted chrysanthemums and gathered together to appreciate them. While doing that, they also wrote poems, drew pictures and drank liquor.
The fungal flora of China is extensive with over 27,000 fungal species. As of 2018, China has reported 1789 edible fungi and 798 medicinal fungi. Notably, fungi played a vital part of China's traditional native plant use, with recent archaeology findings determining its significance in regions of China around 6000 years ago and dating as far back as the Tang dynasty (600–900 ce).
Chrysanthemums of the Immortal Blossoms in an Everlasting Spring (仙萼長春冊) by Giuseppe Castiglione (1688–1766). In China, they have been around since 500 BCE.In 1630, more than 500 varieties were already mentioned there.In Europe, especially in Holland, they have been known since the mid-17th century, but their general dissemination took place only in the 19th century.
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Chrysanthemums may have been introduced to Japan by Chinese in the eighth century AD. [17] C. lavandulifolium, a perennial plant, grows well in warm climates around East Asia. It flowers from October to November. [5] [18] The plant grows well on moist clayey soils in full sun. It is also quite immune to high temperatures and lack of moisture.