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The structure-activity relationship of the drug class has been explored to a reasonable extent. The optimal substitution pattern is fairly tightly defined (i.e. N,N-diethyl on the amine nitrogen, 4-ethoxy on the benzyl ring and 5-nitro on the benzimidazole ring), but even derivatives incorporating only some of these features are still potent opioids.
Some patients request to be switched to a different narcotic due to stigma associated with a particular drug (e.g. a patient refusing methadone due to its association with opioid addiction treatment). [4] Equianalgesic charts are also used when calculating an equivalent dosage of the same drug, but with a different route of administration.
Albendazole is a broad-spectrum antihelmintic and antiprotozoal agent of the benzimidazole type. [3] It is used for the treatment of a variety of intestinal parasite infections, including ascariasis, pinworm infection, hookworm infection, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, taeniasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, cutaneous larva migrans, giardiasis, and gnathostomiasis, among other diseases.
It is a member of the benzimidazole family of medications for worms. [1] Triclabendazole was approved for medical use in the United States in 2019. [3] [4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [5] For human use, it can be obtained from the World Health Organization. [2] It is also used in animals. [6]
Benzimidazole was discovered during research on vitamin B 12. The benzimidazole nucleus was found to be a stable platform on which drugs could be developed. [3] Benzimidazole is produced by condensation of o-phenylenediamine with formic acid, [4] or the equivalent trimethyl orthoformate: C 6 H 4 (NH 2) 2 + HC(OCH 3) 3 → C 6 H 4 N(NH)CH + 3 CH ...
Fenbendazole is a broad spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic used against gastrointestinal parasites including: giardia, roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, the tapeworm genus Taenia (but not effective against Dipylidium caninum, a common dog tapeworm), pinworms, aelurostrongylus, paragonimiasis, strongyles, and strongyloides that can be administered to sheep, cattle, horses, fish, dogs, cats ...
Benznidazole is an antiparasitic medication used in the treatment of Chagas disease. [2] While it is highly effective in early disease, the effectiveness decreases in those who have long-term infection. [3] It is the first-line treatment given its moderate side effects compared to nifurtimox. [1] It is taken by mouth. [2] Side effects are ...
Pyrantel is a medication used to treat a number of parasitic worm infections. [2] This includes ascariasis, hookworm infections, enterobiasis (pinworm infection), trichostrongyliasis, and trichinellosis. [2] It is taken by mouth. [2] Side effects include nausea, headache, dizziness, trouble sleeping, and rash. [2]
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