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Urticaria are characterized by dermal edema (wheal, swollen) and erythema (flare, red), [2] also known as hives. [5] Hive lesions typically last less than 24 hours and are usually itchy (pruritic). [2] Hives can appear anywhere on the body and they may change shape, move around, disappear and reappear over short periods of time. [5]
Dermatographic urticaria is sometimes called "skin writing", as it is possible to mark deliberate patterns onto the skin. The condition manifests as an allergic-like reaction, causing a warm red wheal to appear on the skin. As it is often the result of scratches, involving contact with other materials, it can be confused with an allergic ...
The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]
Fissure is a lesion in the skin that is usually narrow but deep. [29] [33] Induration is dermal thickening causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer. [29] Atrophy refers to a loss of skin, and can be epidermal, dermal, or subcutaneous. [30] With epidermal atrophy, the skin appears thin, translucent, and wrinkled. [29]
Hyperpigmentation is excess coloration, or darkening of the skin, [8] while hypopigmentation is a diminished or pallid coloring to the skin. Pigmentation changes in PVA, apparent in the epidermal (outermost) skin layer, may be attributed to incontinence (leaking out) of melanin from melanocytes into the dermal skin layer below. [5]
In cases of short duration, there may be small blisters, while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened. [1] The area of skin involved can vary from small to covering the entire body. [1] [2] Dermatitis is also called eczema but the same term is often used for the most common type of skin inflammation, atopic dermatitis. [7]
Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red and/or flesh-colored, raised, itchy bumps. [1] Hives may burn or sting. [2] The patches of rash may appear on different body parts, [2] with variable duration from minutes to days, and do not leave any long-lasting skin change. [2]
Dermatoepidemiology is the study of skin disease at the population level. [43] One of its aspects is the determination of the global burden of skin diseases. [44] [45] From 1990 to 2013, skin disease constituted about 2% of total global disease disability [46] as measured in disability-adjusted life-years. [47]