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Russula subnigricans is a poisonous mushroom, and has been responsible for mushroom poisoning in Taiwan and Japan. The effect is a serious one, rhabdomyolysis. The toxins responsible are the very unusual cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid (a toxic molecule consisting of only 10 atoms) and Russuphelin A (a heavily chlorinated polyphenolic).
Russula emetica: The sickener lactarorufin A, methoxyfuranalcohol, and R. emetica unnamed compound [39] North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia Russula aurea. Russula cyanoxantha. Russula subnigricans: unknown Sarcosphaera coronaria: Pink crown North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia Scleroderma citrinum: Common earthball unknown
Russula emetica, commonly known as the sickener, emetic russula, or vomiting russula, is a basidiomycete mushroom, and the type species of the genus Russula. It has a red, convex to flat cap up to 8.5 cm (3.3 in) in diameter, with a cuticle that can be peeled off almost to the centre. The gills are white to pale cream, and closely spaced.
Despite the difficulty in positively identifying collected specimens, the possibility to spot the toxic species by their acrid taste makes some of the mild species, such as R. cyanoxantha and R. vesca, popular edible mushrooms. Russula is mostly free of deadly poisonous species, and mild-tasting ones are all edible. [14] [failed verification]
Both the specific epithets sanguinaria and sanguinea are derived from the Latin word sanguis ('blood'), a reference to the mushroom's colour. [2] According to David Arora in 1986, it was unclear whether this European species is the same as the American species Russula rosacea. [1] According to a 2012 field guide, they are the same. [3]
Although many people have a fear of mushroom poisoning by "toadstools", only a small number of the many macroscopic fruiting bodies commonly known as mushrooms and toadstools have proven fatal to humans. This list is not exhaustive and does not contain many fungi that, although not deadly, are still harmful.
Russula rhodocephala, also known as the redhead russula, is a species of gilled mushroom. [1] It typically grows in association with pine trees. [ 2 ] It is primarily found on the Pacific coast of western North America, although mushrooms with 97 percent genetic similarity are known from Asia.
Russula delica is a mushroom that goes by the common name of milk-white brittlegill, and is a member of the genus Russula, all of which are collectively known as brittlegills. It is mostly white, with ochraceous or brownish cap markings, and a short robust stem. It is edible, but poor in taste, and grows in coniferous, broadleaved, or mixed woods.