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[10] [11] As one of the main ideologies on the political spectrum, socialism is the standard left-wing ideology in most countries. [12] Types of socialism vary based on the role of markets and planning in resource allocation, and the structure of management in organizations. [13] [14] Socialist systems divide into non-market and market forms.
While the use of the term socialism was initially adopted to describe the philosophy of the Saint-Simonians, which advocated the socialized ownership of the means of production, the term was quickly appropriated by working class movements in the 1840s, and in the 19th century the term socialism came to encompass a wide and diverse range of ...
Democratic socialism is a broad political movement that seeks to propagate the ideals of socialism within the context of a democratic system, as was done by Western social democrats, who popularized democratic socialism as a label to criticize the perceived authoritarian or non-democratic socialist development in the East, during the 19th and ...
[256] [257] [258] Although the group does not identify itself as part of the political left, [259] nor as politically liberal, [256] it has been argued that the group's ideology is a form of libertarian socialism. [260] In 2018, the Socialist Rifle Association, a similar socialist organization, [261] was founded. [262] [263]
Socialism – range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production and workers' self-management [10] as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.
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Anti-socialism and anti-communism began to play a larger role in American politics during the Cold War. [55] The New Left briefly existed as a socialist movement in the 1960s and 1970s. [166] In the 21st century, perceptions of socialism have improved in the United States, especially among young Americans. [167]
The Marxist view of socialism served as a point of reference during the socialist calculation debate. Marx himself did not use the term socialism to refer to this development. Instead, Marx called it a communist society that has not yet reached its higher-stage. [8] The term socialism was popularized during the Russian Revolution by Vladimir ...