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Phylogenetic autocorrelation also known as Galton's problem, after Sir Francis Galton who described it, is the problem of drawing inferences from cross-cultural data, due to the statistical phenomenon now called autocorrelation.
Cross-cultural research entails a particular statistical problem, known as Phylogenetic autocorrelation: tests of functional relationships (for example, a test of the hypothesis that societies with pronounced male dominance are more warlike) can be confounded because the samples of cultures are not independent. Traits can be associated not only ...
Phylogenetic signal is a measure, closely related with an evolutionary process and development of taxa. It is thought that high rate of evolution leads to low phylogenetic signal and vice versa (hence, high phylogenetic signal is usually a consequence of either low rate of evolution either stabilizing type of selection). [3]
The autocorrelation matrix is used in various digital signal processing algorithms. For a random vector = (, …,) containing random elements whose expected value and variance exist, the autocorrelation matrix is defined by [3]: p.190 [1]: p.334
Developing a computational algorithm suitable for identifying sites with high evolutionary rates from a static dataset is a challenge due to the constraints of autocorrelation. The original statement of the method used a rough stochastic model of the evolutionary process designed to identify transiently high-variability codon sites.
Tiger phylogenetic relationships, bootstrap values shown in branches. Example of long branch attraction. Longer branches (A & C) appear to be more closely related. There are many approaches to reconstructing phylogenetic trees, each with advantages and disadvantages, and there is no straightforward answer to “what is the best method?”.
Cross-cultural studies, sometimes called holocultural studies or comparative studies, is a specialization in anthropology and sister sciences (sociology, psychology, economics, political science) that uses field data from many societies to examine the scope of human behavior and test hypotheses about human behavior and culture.
Universal phylogenetic tree in rooted form, showing the three domains (Woese, Kandler, Wheelis 1990, p. 4578 [22]) In 1990, Carl Woese , Otto Kandler and Mark Wheelis proposed a novel "tree of life" consisting of three lines of descent for which they introduced the term domain as the highest rank of classification.