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Less common is the artificial flooding of address tables in a MAC flooding attack. Another common cause is a host with an ARP cache timeout longer than the timeout of the forwarding information base (FIB) in a switch—the switch forgets which port connects to the target before the host forgets the MAC address of the target. [2]
In computer networking, a media access control attack or MAC flooding is a technique employed to compromise the security of network switches.The attack works by forcing legitimate MAC table contents out of the switch and forcing a unicast flooding behavior potentially sending sensitive information to portions of the network where it is not normally intended to go.
Switching loops can cause misleading entries in a switch's media access control (MAC) database and can cause endless unicast frames to be broadcast throughout the network. A loop can make a switch receive the same broadcast frames on two different ports, and alternatingly associate the sending MAC address with the one or the other port.
In this case the switch marks the frame for flooding and sends it to all forwarding ports within the respective VLAN. Forwarding this type of traffic can create unnecessary traffic that leads to poor network performance or even a complete loss of network service. [6] This flooding of packets is known as a unicast flooding. [7] [5]
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A simple example is both ends of a single Ethernet patch cable connected to a switch. As broadcasts and multicasts are forwarded by switches out of every port , the switch or switches will repeatedly rebroadcast broadcast messages and flood the network.
A threat agent which has control of a device connected to an Ethernet switch can use MAC flooding to attack the switch's CAM table. If the table fills up, other traffic is treated as broadcast, unknown-unicast and multicast traffic and is forwarded to all ports making it available to the attacker.
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