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In anatomy a chiasm is the spot where two structures cross, forming an X-shape (from Greek letter χ, Chi). Examples of chiasms are: A tendinous chiasm, the spot where two tendons cross. For example, the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, and the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus muscle which even forms two chiasms.
The optic chiasm is found in all vertebrates, although in cyclostomes (lampreys and hagfishes), it is located within the brain. [2] [3] This article is about the optic chiasm of vertebrates, which is the best known nerve chiasm, but not every chiasm denotes a crossing of the body midline (e.g., in some invertebrates, see Chiasm (anatomy)).
Chiasm (anatomy), an X-shaped structure produced by the crossing over of the fibers, with the prefix chiasm- means cross examples include: A nerval chiasm, where either two nerves cross in the body midline (e.g. Optic chiasma) A crossing of fibres inside a nerve reversing their mapping; A tendinous chiasm, the spot where two tendons cross.
The optic chiasm, or optic chiasma is the part of the brain where both optic nerves cross. It is located at the bottom of the brain immediately inferior to the hypothalamus . [ 7 ] Signs and symptoms associated with optic chiasm lesions are also known as chiasmal syndrome .
In neuroanatomy, the term chiasma is reserved for crossing of- or within nerves such as in the optic chiasm. In botanical leaf taxology, the word decussate describes an opposite pattern of leaves which has successive pairs at right angles to each other (i.e. rotated 90 degrees along the stem when viewed from above). In effect, successive pairs ...
Based on this anatomy, the optic nerve may be divided into four parts as indicated in the image at the top of this section (this view is from above as if you were looking into the orbit after the top of the skull had been removed): 1. the optic head (which is where it begins in the eyeball (globe) with fibers from the retina); 2. orbital part ...
It is a continuation of the optic nerve that relays information from the optic chiasm to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus. [ 1 ] It is composed of two individual tracts, the left optic tract and the right optic tract, each of which conveys visual information exclusive to its respective ...
Gross anatomy has become a key part of visual arts. Basic concepts of how muscles and bones function and deform with movement is key to drawing, painting or animating a human figure. Many books such as Human Anatomy for Artists: The Elements of Form, are written as a guide to drawing the human body anatomically correctly. [4]