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In telecommunications, insertion loss is the loss of signal power resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber and is usually expressed in decibels (dB). If the power transmitted to the load before insertion is P T and the power received by the load after insertion is P R, then the insertion loss in decibels ...
Organic azides also provide an example of an insertion reaction in organic synthesis and, like the above examples, the transformations proceed with loss of nitrogen gas. When tosyl azide reacts with norbornadiene, a ring expansion reaction takes place in which a nitrogen atom is inserted into a carbon-carbon bond α- to the bridge head: [14]
Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering.They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted (X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed (Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product(s) (S ...
In organometallic chemistry, a migratory insertion is a type of reaction wherein two ligands on a metal complex combine. It is a subset of reactions that very closely resembles the insertion reactions , and both are differentiated by the mechanism that leads to the resulting stereochemistry of the products.
The interaction excites or ionizes the atoms, leading to an energy loss of the traveling particle. The non-relativistic version was found by Hans Bethe in 1930; the relativistic version (shown below) was found by him in 1932. [2] The most probable energy loss differs from the mean energy loss and is described by the Landau-Vavilov distribution. [3]
The Widom insertion method is a statistical thermodynamic approach to the calculation of material and mixture properties. It is named for Benjamin Widom , who derived it in 1963. [ 1 ] In general, there are two theoretical approaches to determining the statistical mechanical properties of materials.
In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two different fragments are joined. Cross-couplings are a subset of the more general coupling reactions. Often cross-coupling reactions require metal catalysts. One important reaction type is this:
In particular, the sheets of carbon that comprise graphite can be pried apart by the insertion (intercalation) of ions. The graphite is viewed as a host and the inserted ions as guests. The materials have the formula (guest)C n where n ≥ 6. The insertion of the guests increases the distance between the carbon sheets.